The Pygmalion Effect: How Teachers' Expectations Created Smarter Students
In 1968, psychologists Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson walked into an elementary school in San Francisco with a devious plan. They told teachers they had developed a new test that could predict which students were “intellectual bloomers”—kids on the verge of rapid intellectual growth. They administered the test, then gave teachers a list of students who supposedly scored highest. These students, they said, would show remarkable gains in IQ over the coming year. ...