At 3:15 AM on March 13, 1964, a young woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked outside her apartment building in Queens, New York. She screamed for help. The attack lasted over 30 minutes. According to The New York Times, 38 people witnessed the attack from their apartment windows. Not one called the police during the assault. Kitty Genovese died. The story shocked America. How could 38 people watch someone being murdered and do nothing? ...
In 1924, engineers at the Hawthorne Works factory in Illinois had a simple question: “Does better lighting improve worker productivity?” They increased the lighting. Productivity went up. Success! Then they decreased the lighting. Productivity went up again. They tried different lighting levels-bright, dim, even back to the original. Productivity kept increasing. The lighting didn’t matter. What mattered was that workers knew they were being watched. This phenomenon-where people change their behavior simply because they’re being observed-became known as The Hawthorne Effect. ...